畢業(yè)論文：Psychology and the tragedy of Macbeth and his wife

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Psychology and the tragedy of Macbeth and his wife

學(xué) 院 外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院
專(zhuān) 業(yè) 英 語(yǔ)
班 級(jí) 08英語(yǔ)D班

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Psychology and the tragedy of Macbeth and his wife

Abstract: As a literature classic written by Shakespeare, the tragedy of Macbeth, also seen as a successful psychology drama, can be regarded as a perfect psychoanalytic case. It is about two psychologically twisted people and an archetypal tale of the dangers of the lust for power and betrayal of friends. As the name itself suggests, the tragedy, upon which discussions and analysis are based, such as how this tragedy comes about, how Macbeth and his wife meet their doom, etc, are the main topics in my paper. The theoretical support comes from Freud’s psychoanalysis theory------consciousness, unconsciousness and defence mechanism. The complicated
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ly in a scientific way. In the book Three Levels of Consciousness in 1912, he e*plains that consciousness is ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are aware, and preconscious, material that can be easily recalled, and unconscious, all the ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are not and normally cannot become aware, which is also called the psychology of the “unthunk thought”.
2.1 consciousness
Consciousness is a term that refers to the relationship between the mind and the world with which it interacts. It has been defined as: subjectivity, awareness, the ability to e*perience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the e*ecutive control system of the mind. Despite the difficulty in definition, many philosophers believe that there is a broadly shared underlying intuition about what consciousness is. As Ma* Velmans and Susan Schneider wrote in The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness: "Anything that we are aware of at a given moment forms part of our consciousness, making conscious e*perience at once the most familiar and most mysterious aspect of our lives."[1]
2.2 unconsciousness
Unconsciousness refers to all the processes of the mind which are not available to consciousness. Unconscious phenomena have been held to include repressed feelings, automatic skills, unacknowledged perceptions, thoughts, habits and automatic reactions, comple*es, hidden phobias and desires. Within psychoanalysis the cognitive processes of the unconscious are considered to manifest in dreams in a symbolical form. Thus the unconscious mind can be seen as the source of dreams and automatic thoughts (those that appear without any apparent cause), the repository of forgotten memories (that may still be accessible to consciousness at some later time), and the locus of implicit knowledge (the things that we have learned so well that we do them without thinking).

2.3 defence mechanisms
The term "defence mechanism" is often thought to refer to a definitive singular term for personality traits which arise due to loss or traumatic e*periences. Defence mechanisms are more accurately referred to as ego defence mechanisms, and can thus be categorized as occurring when the id impulses are in conflict with each other, when the id impulses conflict with super-ego values and beliefs, and when an e*ternal threat is posed to the ego. Healthy persons normally use different defences throughout life. An ego defense mechanism becomes pathological only when its persistent use leads to maladaptive behaviour such that the physical and/or mental health of the individual is adversely affected. The purpose of ego defence mechanisms is to protect the mind/self/ego from an*iety and/or social sanctions and/or to provide a refuge from a situation with which one cannot currently cope.
2.4 Their relation
Consciousness and unconsciousness were all the function of human psychology, and could e*press themselves through operating some e*ternal tasks. Freud discover ……（未完，全文共21500字，當(dāng)前僅顯示3867字，請(qǐng)閱讀下面提示信息。收藏《畢業(yè)論文：Psychology and the tragedy of Macbeth and his wife》）