指導學生利用上下文解完形填空
指導學生利用上下文解完形填空(高三研討會交流)
【摘要】:為了更好完成完形填空的教學任務和提高學生的完形水平,在教學中要不斷探討更好、更高效、更便于掌握的技巧指導,同時加強練習力度,使學生充分理解應用每一技法,調動學生動腦、動手、動口,做到細化、消化。通過準備詳實的材料,制定周密的教學案,引導學生一步步走向完形知識體系的內(nèi)核,由表及里,由淺入深,優(yōu)化學習方法。教師在教學過程中秉承積極嚴謹?shù)墓ぷ鲬B(tài)度,探索科學高效的方法,準確傳達到學生,并安排好課上課下的銜接。
【關鍵詞】: 完形填空 上下文 指導 邏輯 線索 練習
一、課題背景
完形填空題因為綜合性特別強,考察的面很廣,集知識型試題和能力型試題為一體,既測試考生在詞語辨析、詞的用法及搭配、語法、單句理解的能力,還測試考生語篇理解和綜合運用語言結構能力,所以在整個高考備考中地位非常重要,無論老師還是學生都極其重視完形填空的測練。近年來,高考試題中完形填空題又有了新的變化:試題所涉及的知識面不斷拓寬,綜合難度不斷提高,特別強調對語篇及上下文的理解和應用。不僅要求考生具有扎實的基礎知識,同時還得具備靈活運用語言知識,邏輯思維能力以及與其他相關學科的基本常識相互整合的分析能力。正因為該題型難度大,區(qū)分度高,是考生們的主要失分題,所以我在教學過程中,對完形填空的教學格外留意,尤其是針對利用上下文解題的課題,我通過教學實踐以及向其他教師請教學習,并不斷借鑒他人優(yōu)秀教學成果,得出了如下一些心得,
總結歸納起來,用以指導以后的教學。
二、方法指導
……(新文秘網(wǎng)http://120pk.cn省略1076字,正式會員可完整閱讀)……
do not cry enough. And it is possible that as more and more women work outside the home, they will 5 suffer from more pressure. Then everyone will need to cry more.
因為文章長度和設空的增加,所給時間相應延長。
第一步:限定學生在50秒內(nèi)快速鎖定關鍵詞:Doctors say,heart disease,the pressure,suffer from,need to cry more, 判斷文體:說明文
第二步:再45秒判斷文章結構:分總式;找出結論句:第末句。
第三步:又2分鐘組織語言,總結本段大意,跳過或忽略所設的空:在美國男人比女人愛得心臟病,醫(yī)生說心臟病和其他疾病與現(xiàn)代社會生活和工作壓力有關?赡苣腥耸苓@些疾病的折磨更多,(因為)他們哭得不夠。而且越來越多的女人外出工作,她們將受更多的壓力。那么所有人都需要多哭。
[例3] Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right below their windows. She was 1 neighbor. Yet 2 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police.
John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 3 why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 4 he can help. First, he has to notice that it is 5 emergency. Is the smoke coming into the room 6 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 7 important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, 8 the person won’t get the help he needs.
本段更長更復雜,給的時間要更長。
第一步:判斷第一段的作用:引出下文話題;第二段結構:總分式;找出主題句:第二句;判斷文體:說明文。
第二步:找出文中的信息詞:watched,being killed,Yet,Not one even,research into,why,two steps,F(xiàn)irst,tell ,faced with,Second,feel,must,won’t。
第三步:總結本段大意:(略)
上課初始,學生有短暫的矜持,鼓勵下,加之開始的難度小,課堂逐漸轉入活躍。除了必要的點撥性語言和收束語,基本是學生在說,他們相互更正著、補充著,把一篇篇短文理解透徹,很好的完成了預期任務。
同時不要忽略課下的延伸訓練,所以本節(jié)課結束,布置了下面的作業(yè):
理解段文,并根據(jù)給出的首寫字母填入合適的詞使短文連貫完整:
“ I used to think that trade was simple --- someone has something you want and you swap it for something they want. But the more I learned, the more I 1)r that world trade doesn’t work like that at all. Many poor people could achieve a better life by selling their
2)p to rich countries at a decent price, but the rules of world trade are rigged against them. Every day millions of people are denied the opportunity to trade their way to a better life. Unfair trade rules mean that families don’t have enough to eat, can’t 3)a to send their children to school, and don’t enjoy basic employment rights.”
“We’re all in this together. All the world’s a marketplace, and all of us us ……(未完,全文共12697字,當前僅顯示3020字,請閱讀下面提示信息。
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