論文：澳門博彩業(yè)的現代化

Modernization of Macao’s Gaming Industry
TJ Cheng
Department of Sociology
University of Macau

Abstract:
This article tries to discuss issues related to the modernization of gaming industry in general, and Macao’s casino modernization in specific. After a brief introduction to casino business development in other nations, this article tries to focus on definition of casino modernization, guidelines for judging casino’s modernization level, and what that means for Macao’s gambling business as well as for the SAR government and Macao society. 　　　
　　　
　　　This chapter is about the modernization of gaming industry. It has three sections: 1. the general condition of world gaming industry; 2. the legalized lottery (such as sports lottery) and the underground gambling in mainland China; 3. the modernization of the gaming industry development, the four directions or orientations, namely popularity orientation, legalization orientation, entertainment orientation, and healthiness orientation.

1. General condition of gaming industry out of China
For the purpose of accelerating the modernization and internationalization speed of Macao’s gaming industry, it is obvious that we should have some necessary knowledge about the general devel
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boats registered on Mississippi River---both of them earn considerable money and become popular places for local tourism. The number of illegal gambling houses is uncountable.
In USA, it is the local congress not the Federal Government that keeps the right to decide whether gambling is legal in each area. Hence, almost ten states allow gambling for specific places in some cities. Other than this, American Indian reservations still have legislation power for themselves. Then, once the chieftain persuaded his tribe members, gambling will immediately become legal there without any restrictions from the local or the federal government. For e*ample, the state of New York is famous for its Niagara Falls, a world famous resort which attracts millions of visitors every year. But visitors can not enjoy more entertainment after appreciating the water itself because of the low tourist facility level in this area. Consequently, they move to Canada side for food, drinks, shows, and gambling as well. Proposals on gambling permission brought forward to the State Congress were rejected and ended in abortion each time for the unfaltering opposition by the Democratic Party, which was the dominant power in the local government. However, the Indian reservations near the big falls are free of local government restrictions. Gambling houses there retake some of this kind of business from the Canadian side.
If the American Indian reservations were taken as gaming industry permission areas, then in fact gaming industry is within law for every state in America. Some people estimate that it’s very difficult to withhold the gambling permission for long, since lottery is legalized almost everywhere. The day for gaming industry legalization will come sooner or later, and the only problem is how long we have to wait.

B. Monte Carlo, Monaco
Macao is also known as the "Monte Carlo of the Orient". Then, what does the European Monte Carlo look like? According to the documentary, Monte Carlo sits in Monaco, a small Mediterranean country north to France. It is a real mini casino city with an area less than 3 km2 and a population less than 1/10 of Macao.
Although it is quite a small country, Monte Carlo is the real gambling capital of Europe with long history. Monaco used to be a part of France, and in 1297 it came to be an independent country. However, up till now, France still takes in charge of his money issue and public safety problems. For Monaco, there is no need for supporting an army, even the royal guards are served by French cavalrymen. From 1865 when the first Monte Carlo casino opened, Monaco, one of the poorest countries before, suddenly became the richest country in Europe, and it was. All the casinos are belonged to SBM, but the biggest share holder is Monaco royals (70%); hence, almost every casino in Monte Carlo is sate-owned. Mass wealth accumulation results that Monaco government abolished ta* from 1870, and until today, Monaco citizens still enjoy zero-ta* lives, free medical and other social benefits as well. Yet the price is the banning laws that all the Monaco citizens are not allowed stepping into the casino. Nevertheless, whether the stuffs or workers are outland labors is worth further researching.
Lu*urious casino is only one of the reasons why Monte Carlo attracts so many visitors. Another important reason is the fantastic story about the royalties, especially the love story of Prince Rainier and Hollywood actress Grace Kelly, which is viewed as a truly version of Cinderella of Monaco and attracts many world-famous celebrities, ladies, monarchs and noblemen come to spend their holidays, or honeymoons, here. What is more, the Oceanographic Museum, the Napoleonic Souvenirs Museum, Collections of the Historic Palace Arch, the Museum of Stamps and Coins, the Navy Museum, and other museums are all for public visiting or scholars’ research. In addition, the Sea Water Therapy Center, the International Conference Center, the Rose Garden of Princess Grace, and etc. are all available for purpose of international conference and family entertainment. Therefore, there is a great deal of businesses (or cultural enterprises) having their income generated from out of gambling.

　C. Asian-Pacific Area
Contrasting to the gamble fashion i ……（未完，全文共30901字，當前僅顯示5558字，請閱讀下面提示信息。收藏《論文：澳門博彩業(yè)的現代化》）